Understanding Toxic Stress in Children
What Is Toxic Stress?
Kids can face lots of stress without it hurting them, as long as they have a caring adult around to help them cope. When stressful things happen, having an adult who stays calm or offers a hug and kind words afterwards can make a big difference. It helps kids feel calm again.
However, toxic stress is different. It happens when kids are stuck in very stressful situations for a long time without the support of caring adults. This could be when they don’t feel safe, like if they’re constantly ignored, in a violent home, or facing abuse, and they don’t have an adult to help them through.
But remember, just because a child is in a tough situation doesn't mean they'll definitely experience toxic stress. The strong, steady support from a loving adult can protect them, making them feel secure and prevent them from getting too upset.
Effects of Toxic Stress
Being constantly stressed can change a child’s brain and body. Kids who go through toxic stress might react very strongly to small problems. They could have a hard time with anger, feel anxious often, and find it hard to feel safe with other people. This kind of stress can also make a child's immune system weak and cause inflammation, which over time might lead to heart problems and high blood pressure.
Signs of Toxic Stress in Children
You might notice signs that a child is dealing with toxic stress. They could seem overly cautious or scared. Maybe there’s something scary happening at home, or they’re being hurt or ignored. This can make a child always feel on edge.
Little kids might not want to play, throw lots of tantrums, say their head or tummy hurts, have trouble sleeping, or get nightmares often. Teenagers might pull away from others, act out, take dangerous risks, get into fights, or hurt themselves. Kids of all ages might seem really anxious and have a hard time relaxing or focusing.
To learn more about how to help, check out resources from UNICEF Parenting.
Learn what we can do about toxic stress from the Center On The Developing Child at Harvard University and First 5 California